The universe is full of radiation. Since ancient times,
life on Earth would be exposed to background radiation in the natural
environment. Although background radiation may not cause any real physical
damage to cells and tissues and the health effects will be negligible unless
exposed to higher dosages. However in today’s society, the growing popularity
of the use of radiation because of its diagnostic and therapeutic benefits
needs to be taken note of, this man-made radiation exposure can be harmful to
our health when we do not find ways to reduce the unwanted radiation
exposure.
Radiation Protection: also known as the physical
health or safety of radiation, Ionizing radiation to prevent harmful effects
on people’s science and technology. Application of Radiation Protection
Department of disciplines, as the basic subjects are: radiation dosimeter,
radiation biology, ecology radiation, radiation shielding and radiation
detection and so on; also involved in nuclear engineering, meteorology,
geology hydrology, industrial safety, legal , Education and practical
psychology. Radiation Protection includes: radiation protection principles
and objectives; radiation protection: radiation monitoring technology;
evaluation of radiation protection and nuclear contingency. Radiation
protection principles and objectives of the radiation protection is the basis
and starting point; protection methods in order to achieve the goal of
protection and implementation of the principle of the protection measures
must be taken; monitoring techniques to test whether the planned method of
protection means to an end; protection is a comprehensive evaluation and
analysis Research facilities and protective method is in line with the
optimization of radiation protection principles and to further improve the
protection situation.
Radiation (External) of the basic radiation protection
measures
1， by exposure to radiation,
the shorter the time, the body less effective dose.
2， the distance: the farther
away from radiation sources, the fewer doses.
3，shielding: stereotype, or the
concrete wall of water can stop or reduce the radiation intensity of
radiation.
Basic radiation protection measures
To reduce the intake of radioactive material caused by
the dose (irradiation) can take the following basic radiation protection
measures:
    1, to reduce exposure times;
    2, to prevent contamination on
the surface;
    3, to prevent inhalation of
radioactive material with the air;
4, to prevent radioactive material consumption of
contaminated food and drinking contaminated water.
Radiation protection principles
For any activity, and an increase of individuals or
groups of radiation exposure, the International Commission on Radiological
Protection (ICRP) in its 1990 proposal (No. 60 publications), set out three
basic principles of radiation protection:
     1, the legitimate
practice of radiation ─ any action must be
well-founded, that the action by the exposure of personal or social
advantages outweighed the disadvantages;
     2, protection of
personal ─ optimal dose exposure to
radiation and the number should be reasonably practicable and take into
account the economic and social factors to a minimum; and
     3, the individual dose
limit ─ suffered personal
exposure dose limit in line with the need to ensure that no one need suffer
unacceptable radiation hazards.
As a result of the nuclear accident and to increase the
level of natural radiation, the International Commission on Radiological
Protection in its 1990 proposal (No. 60 publications) and the 1991
Recommendation (No. 63 publications), are To be proposed to intervene (that
is, through the activities of certain pre-existing causes of exposure,
thereby reducing the total amount of exposure) to protect the affected
people’s health, protection of its principles:
    
Justify─ justified in the lower
dose and harm reduction at the same time, the harmful effects of the
intervention itself with the price, including the social cost is worth it
necessary.
Optimization ─ intervention in the form,
scale and duration should seek to optimize and reduce the radiation hazards
to get the benefits of deducting the harmful effects of the intervention, the
greatest net benefits.
The purpose of radiation protection
Radiation Protection is to reduce radiation hazards to
human health. In the formulation of appropriate protective measures, we have
to understand radiation on human health effects.
  
The main effect of the radiation effects of
uncertainty and randomness into effect two broad categories. The former
existence of threshold dose, when the absorbed dose greater than the
threshold, the radiation on human health caused by a certain degree of
hazard. The latter is no threshold dose, but the effect of the opportunities
and the rate of dose-related.
    
According to the
characteristics of the radiation effects, radiation protection, the main
purpose is to:
    1, to prevent the harmful
effects of uncertainty;
    2, the incidence of random
effects to an acceptable level.